With the use of flexures mechanisms, the motion of a piezo stack can be multiplied many times to achieve up to one millimeter travel (or more in extreme cases).  The flexures can be used as guide and preload mechanism at the time. Flexure motion is based on the elastic deformation (flexing) of a solid material. Friction and stiction are entirely eliminated, and flexures exhibit high stiffness, load capacity, and resistance to shock and vibration. Flexures are maintenance free and not subject to wear. They are vacuum compatible, operate over a wide temperature range, and require neither lubricants nor compressed air for operation.